Showing posts with label MBA preparation. Show all posts
Showing posts with label MBA preparation. Show all posts
Sunday, July 10, 2011
Tuesday, July 5, 2011
Thursday, May 26, 2011
Useful terms for understanding literature
1. alliteration -- अनुप्रास अलंकार
(n.)the commencement of two or more stressed syllables of a word group either with the same consonant sound or sound group.
Noun: The occurrence of the same letter or sound at the beginning of adjacent or closely connected words.
Synonyms -- beginning rhyme, head rhyme, initial rhyme
2. allusion -- 1. इशारा(m) 2.उल्लेख(m) 3.संकेत(m) 4. सूचना(f) 5. हवाला
(n.)a passing or casual reference; an incidental mention of something, either directly or by implication:
3. ambiguity -- 1. अस्पष्ट 2.अस्पष्टता (f) 4.पेंचदार 5.संदिग्धता(f) 6.संशयात्मक स्थिति
(n.,)an unclear, indefinite, or equivocal word, expression, meaning, etc.:
4. analogy -- noun 1. उपमा(f) 2. तुल्यता(f) 3. समानता(f)
-- adjective 1. अनुरूपता 2. समवृत्तिता
(n.,)a similarity between like features of two things, on which a comparison may be based:
5. antagonist --- विरोधी(m), शत्रु(m), प्रतिद्वंद्वी(m), बैरी
(n.)a person who is opposed to, struggles against, or competes with another; opponent; adversary.
Synonyms -- adversary, opponent, opposer, resister
6. antonym -- विपरीतार्थक शब्द, विलोम शब्द
(n.)a word opposite in meaning to another. Fast is an antonym of slow.
Synonyms -- opposite, opposite word
7. assonance -- स्वरसाम्य(m)
(n.)resemblance of sounds.
8. climax -- पराकाष्ठा(f) सार(m) चरमावस्था(m) चरम बिन्दु(m)
(n.)the highest or most intense point in the development or resolution of something; culmination:
9. contradiction -- विरोधाभास(m), विसंगति(f), विपरीत वर्णन, अन्तर्विरोध, असंगति(f), परस्पर-विरोध, विरुद्धता
(n.)the act of contradicting; gainsaying or opposition.
10. deus ex machina -- कृत्रिम समाधान, दैवी समाधान, यान्त्रिक अवतारणा
(n.)any artificial or improbable device resolving the difficulties of a plot.
11. epilogue -- उपसंहार, भरतवाक्य
(n.)a concluding part added to a literary work, as a novel.
12. figurative -- साकार, सुन्दर, प्रतीकात्मक, रंगीन, रूपकात्मक, लाक्षणिक
(adj.)of the nature of or involving a figure of speech, esp. a metaphor; metaphorical; not literal:
13. first person -- उत्तम पुरुष
(n.)the grammatical person used by a speaker in statements referring to himself or herself or to a group including himself or herself, as I and we in English.
14. foreshadow -- पूर्वाभासना, पूर्वाभास देना, पहले से प्रकट करना
(v.t.)to show or indicate beforehand; prefigure:
15. homonym --
(n.)homophone
16. homophone
(n.)a word pronounced the same as another but differing in meaning, whether spelled the same way or not, as heir and air.
17. index -- noun - सूचकांक(f), सूची(f), सूचीपत्र, विषय सूची(f), क्रमबद्ध रखना, तालिका(f)
verb - सूची में लिखना, क्रमबद्ध रखना, के अनुरूप बढ़ाना
(n.)something used or serving to point out; a sign, token or indication.
Synonyms -forefinger, index finger, index number, indicant, indicator, exponent, power
18. interior monologue --
(n.)a form of stream-of-consciousness writing that represents the inner thoughts of a character.
Noun: A piece of writing expressing a character's inner thoughts.
19. irony -- निन्दा, व्यंग्योक्ति(f), विडंबना(f)
(n.,)a technique of indicating, as through character or plot development, an intention or attitude opposite to that which is actually or ostensibly stated.
20. literal --
(adj.)in accordance with, involving, or being the primary or strict meaning of the word or words; not figurative or metaphorical:
21. metonymy
(n.)a figure of speech that consists of the use of the name of one object or concept for that of another to which it is related, or of which it is a part, as "scepter" for "sovereignty," or "the bottle" for "strong drink," or "count heads (or noses)" for "cou
22. modernism -- आधुनिकता(f), आधुनिकतावाद(m), आधुनिक शैली
(n.)a deliberate philosophical and practical estrangement or divergence from the past in the arts and literature occurring esp. in the course of the 20th century and taking form in any of various innovative movements and styles.
23. narrator
(v.t.)to give an account or tell the story of (events, experiences, etc.).
24. objective
(adj.)being the object of perception or thought; belonging to the object of thought rather than to the thinking subject (
25. onomatopoeia
(n.)the formation of a word, as cuckoo or boom, by imitation of a sound made by or associated with its referent.
26. oxymoron
(n.,)a figure of speech by which a locution produces an incongruous, seemingly self-contradictory effect, as in "cruel kindness" or "to make haste slowly."
27. paradox
(n.)a statement or proposition that seems self-contradictory or absurd but in reality expresses a possible truth.
28. parody
(n.)a humorous or satirical imitation of a serious piece of literature or writing:
29. picaresque
(adj.)pertaining to, characteristic of, or characterized by a form of prose fiction, originally developed in Spain, in which the adventures of an engagingly roguish hero are described in a series of usually humorous or satiric episodes that often depict, in rea
30. postmodernism
(n.)any of a number of trends or movements in the arts and literature developing in the 1970s in reaction to or rejection of the dogma, principles, or practices of established modernism, esp. a movement in architecture and the decorative arts running counter
31. prologue
(n.)a preliminary discourse; a preface or introductory part of a discourse, poem, or novel.
32. protagonist
(n.)the leading character, hero, or heroine of a drama or other literary work.
33. second person
(n.)the person used by a speaker in referring to the one or ones to whom he or she is speaking: in English you is a second person pronoun.
34. sign
(n.)a conventional or arbitrary mark, figure, or symbol used as an abbreviation for the word or words it represents.
35. soliloquy
(n.,)an utterance or discourse by a person who is talking to himself or herself or is disregardful of or oblivious to any hearers present (often used as a device in drama to disclose a character's innermost thoughts):
36. stanza
(n.)an arrangement of a certain number of lines, usually four or more, sometimes having a fixed length, meter, or rhyme scheme, forming a division of a poem.
37. stream of consciousness
(n.)thought regarded as a succession of ideas and images constantly moving forward in time.
38. subjective
(adj.)relating to properties or specific conditions of the mind as distinguished from general or universal experience.
39. symbol
(n.)something used for or regarded as representing something else; a material object representing something, often something immaterial; emblem, token, or sign.
40. synaesthesia
(n.)synesthesia.
41. synecdoche
(n.)a figure of speech in which a part is used for the whole or the whole for a part, the special for the general or the general for the special, as in ten sail for ten ships or a Croesus for a rich man.
42. synonym
(n.)a word having the same or nearly the same meaning as another in the language, as joyful, elated, glad.
43. third person
(n.)the person that is used by the speaker of an utterance in referring to anything or to anyone other than the speaker or the one or ones being addressed.
44. trope
(n.)any literary or rhetorical device, as metaphor, metonymy, synecdoche, and irony, that consists in the use of words in other than their literal sense.
45. vehicle
(n.)the thing or idea to which the subject of a metaphor is compared, as "rose" in "she is a rose."
46. tenor
(noun)the subject of a metaphor, such as ?she? in ?She is a rose?
Thursday, May 5, 2011
Vocabulary
- How to improve your vocab
- Way to improve vocab
- Flashcard tool
- 120 brain power idea
- save the word new and exciting way learn a new word
Saturday, July 10, 2010
WORD [type of word we use in English]
Words are of two type:
1.Content Word
2.Function word
1. Content word:
These which carry meaning by themselves.
1. Nouns
2. verbs
3. Adjectives
4. Adverbs
2. Function Word:
These which do not have any significant meaning in themselves and have to depend on the content words. (function word is fixed)
1. Determiners
2. Pronoun
3. Preposition
4. Conjunction
5. Auxiliary verbs
6. Interrogative
Determiners -- a, an, the, this, that, some, any, all, many.
Pronoun -- I, me, you, he, she, it, them, they, his, her, one, someone.
Prepositions -- of, in, on, at, before, under, above, from, for, to, by.
Conjunction -- and, or, but, if, when, because, that, so, though, then, besides, although.
Interrogative -- who, what, which, whom, when, where, how.
Auxiliary verbs -- am, is, are, was, were, has, have, had, do, does, did, can, could, may,
might, will, would, shall, should, must, need, dare, ought to, used to.
ELEMENT OF WORD STRUCTURE
The structure of a word has two elements:
1. steam
2. affix
Affix are of two types:
1. suffix (fitness, singing legally) [in the end]
2. prefix (unknown, illegal) [in the beginning]
1.Content Word
2.Function word
1. Content word:
These which carry meaning by themselves.
1. Nouns
2. verbs
3. Adjectives
4. Adverbs
2. Function Word:
These which do not have any significant meaning in themselves and have to depend on the content words. (function word is fixed)
1. Determiners
2. Pronoun
3. Preposition
4. Conjunction
5. Auxiliary verbs
6. Interrogative
Determiners -- a, an, the, this, that, some, any, all, many.
Pronoun -- I, me, you, he, she, it, them, they, his, her, one, someone.
Prepositions -- of, in, on, at, before, under, above, from, for, to, by.
Conjunction -- and, or, but, if, when, because, that, so, though, then, besides, although.
Interrogative -- who, what, which, whom, when, where, how.
Auxiliary verbs -- am, is, are, was, were, has, have, had, do, does, did, can, could, may,
might, will, would, shall, should, must, need, dare, ought to, used to.
ELEMENT OF WORD STRUCTURE
The structure of a word has two elements:
1. steam
2. affix
Affix are of two types:
1. suffix (fitness, singing legally) [in the end]
2. prefix (unknown, illegal) [in the beginning]
Wednesday, May 5, 2010
Irregular Verbs broad classification
Verbs formed like: begin began begun
begin drink ring shrink sing spring stink swim | began drank rang shrank sang sprang/sprung stank swam | begun drunk rung shrunk sung sprung stunk swum |
The adjective forms for these verbs are - drunken, shrunken, sunken
Verbs formed like: break broke broken
break choose freeze steal speak weave | broke chose froze stole spoke wove | broken chosen frozen stolen spoken woven |
The adjective form for these verbs is the same as the past participle broken, chosen etc.
Verbs formed like: blow blew blown
blow draw grow fly know throw withdraw | blew drew grew flew knew threw withdrew | blown drawn grown flown known thrown withdrawn |
Verbs formed like: drive drove driven
drive ride rise strive | drove rode rose strove | driven ridden risen striven |
Verbs formed like: bear bore born
bear swear tear wear | bore swore tore wore | born sworn torn worn |
Verbs formed like: bite bit bitten
bite hide | bit hid | bitten hidden |
Verbs formed like: take took taken
forsake mistake shake take | forsook mistook shook took | forsaken mistaken shaken taken |
Verbs formed like: give gave given
forbid forgive give | forbade forgave gave | forbidden forgiven given |
Verbs formed like: sew sewed sewn
mow sew show sow | mowed sewed showed sowed | mown sewn shown sown |
Mixed type Formations
be dive do eat fall go lie see (a) wake | was dove/dived did ate fell went lay saw (a)woke | been dived done eaten fallen gone lain seen (a)woken |
Verbs with the same past and past participle formation
Verbs formed like: hang hung hung
cling dig hang spin stick strike string swing wring | clung dug hung spun stuck struck strung swung wrung | clung dug hung spun stuck struck strung swung wrung |
Verbs- formed like: feed fed fed
bleed breed creep dream feed feel flee keep kneel lead leap mean meet sleep speed sweep weep | bled bred crept dreamt(dreamed) fed felt fled kept knelt (kneeled) led leapt (leaped) meant met slept sped swept wept | bled bred crept dreamt(dreamed) fed felt fled kept knelt (kneeled) led leapt (leaped) meant met slept sped swept wept |
Verbs formed like: fight fought fought
bring buy catch fight seek teach think | brought bought caught fought sought taught thought | brought bought caught fought sought taught thought |
Verbs formed like: send sent sent
bend lend send spend | bent lent sent spent | bent lent sent spent |
Verbs formed like: find found found
bind find grind wind | bound found ground wound | bound found ground wound |
Verbs formed like: say said said
lay mislay pay say | laid mislaid paid said | laid mislaid paid said |
1st & amp; 3rd parts of the verb are alike
come become overcome run | came became overcame ran | come become overcome run |
Mixed type with two same forms
build forget get have hear hold light lose make shine shoot sit slide stand understand win | built forgot got had heard held lit lost made shone shot sat slid stood understood won | built forgot got had heard held lit lost made shone shot sat slid stood understood won |
Verbs formed tell told told
sell tell | sold told | sold told |
Verbs with all three parts alike
bet bid broadcast burst cost cut hit hurt knit let put read rid set shut slit spit split spread thrust | bet bid broadcast burst cost cut hit hurt knit let put read rid set shut slit spit split spread thrust | bet bid broadcast burst cost cut hit hurt knit let put read rid set shut slit spit split spread thrust |
The dictionary dispels confusion in several cases where verbs are both regular and irregular
e.g.
LIE (regular) LIED LIED
LIE (irregular) LAY LAIN
Sunday, March 7, 2010
All irregular verbs
Common Irregular Verb List
Base Form Past Simple Past Participle
Abide Abode/Abided Abode/Abided
Alight Alit/Alighted Alit/Alighted
Arise Arose Arisen
Awake Awoke Awoken
Be Was/Were Been is(3rd person singular) Being(present participle/gerund)
Bear Bore Born/Borne
Beat Beat Beaten
Become Became Become
Begin Began Begun
Behold Beheld Beheld Beholds Beholding
Bend Bent Bent
Bet Bet Bet
Bid Bade Bidden
Bid Bid Bid
Bind Bound Bound
Bite Bit Bitten
Bleed Bled Bled
Blow Blew Blown
Break Broke Broken
Breed Bred Bred
Bring Brought Brought
Broadcast Broadcast/Broadcasted Broadcast/Broadcasted
Build Built Built
Build Built Built
Burn Burnt/Burned Burnt/Burned
Burst Burst Burst
Bust Bust Bust
Buy Bought Bought
Cast Cast Cast
Catch Caught Caught
Choose Chose Chosen
Clap Clapped/Clapt Clapped/Clapt
Cling Clung Clung
Clothe Clad/Clothed Clad/Clothed
Come Came Come
Cost Cost Cost
Creep Crept Crept
Cut Cut Cut
Dare Dared/Durst Dared Dares Daring
Deal Dealt Dealt
Dig Dug Dug
Dive Dived/Dove Dived
Do Did Done Does Doing
Draw Drew Drawn
Dream Dreamt/Dreamed Dreamt/Dreamed Dreams Dreaming
Drink Drank Drunk
Drive Drove Driven
Dwell Dwelt Dwelt
Eat Ate Eaten Eats Eating
Fall Fell Fallen
Feed Fed Fed
Feel Felt Felt
Fight Fought Fought
Find Found Found
Fit Fit/Fitted Fit/Fitted
Flee Fled Fled
Fling Flung Flung
Fly Flew Flown
Forbid Forbade/Forbad Forbidden
Forecast Forecast/Forecasted Forecast/Forecasted
Foresee Foresaw Foreseen
Foretell Foretold Foretold
Forget Forgot Forgotten
Forgive Forgave Forgiven
Forsake Forsook Forsaken
Freeze Froze Frozen
Frostbite Frostbit Frostbitten
Get Got Got/Gotten
Give Gave Given
Go Went Gone/Been Goes
Grind Ground Ground
Grow Grew Grown
Handwrite Handwrote Handwritten
Hang Hung/Hanged Hung/Hanged
Have Had Had Has
Hear Heard Heard
Hide Hid Hidden
Hit Hit Hit
Hold Held Held
Hurt Hurt Hurt
Inlay Inlaid Inlaid
Input Input/Inputted Input/Inputted
Interlay Interlaid Interlaid
Keep Kept Kept
Kneel Knelt/Kneeled Knelt/Kneeled
Knit Knit/Knitted Knit/Knitted
Know Knew Known
Lay Laid Laid Lays
Lead Led Led
Lean Leant/Leaned Leant/Leaned
Leap Leapt/Leaped Leapt/Leaped
Leap Leapt/Leaped Leapt/Leaped
Learn Learnt/Learned Learnt/Learned
Leave Left Left
Lend Lent Lent
Let Let Let
Lie Lay Lain Lies
Light Lit Lit Lights
Lose Lost Lost Loses
Make Made Made
Mean Meant Meant
Meet Met Met
Light Lit Lit Lights
Lose Lost Lost Loses
Make Made Made
Mean Meant Meant
Meet Met Met
Melt Melted Molten/Melted
Mislead Misled Misled
Mistake Mistook Mistaken
Misunderstand Misunderstood Misunderstood
Miswed Miswed/Miswedded Miswed/Miswedded
Mow Mowed Mown
Overdraw Overdrew Overdrawn
Overhear Overheard Overheard
Overtake Overtook Overtaken
Pay Paid Paid
Preset Preset Preset
Prove Proved Proven/Proved
Put Put Put
Quit Quit Quit
Re-prove Re-proved Re-proven/Re-proved
Read Read Read
Rid Rid/Ridded Rid/Ridded
Ride Rode Ridden
Ring Rang Rung
Rise Rose Risen
Rive Rived Riven/Rived
Run Ran Run
Saw Sawed Sawn/Sawed
Say Said Said
See Saw Seen Sees Seeing
Seek Sought Sought
Sell Sold Sold Sells
Send Sent Sent
Set Set Set
Sew Sewed Sewn/Sewed
Shake Shook Shaken
Shave Shaved Shaven/Shaved
Shear Shore/Sheared Shorn/Sheared
Shed Shed Shed
Shine Shone Shone
Shoe Shod Shod
Shoot Shot Shot
Show Showed Shown
Shrink Shrank Shrunk
Shut Shut Shut
Sing Sang Sung
Sink Sank Sunk
Sit Sat Sat
Slay Slew Slain
Sleep Slept Slept
Slide Slid Slid/Slidden
Sling Slung Slung
Slink Slunk Slunk
Slit Slit Slit
Smell Smelt/Smelled Smelt/Smelled
Sneak Sneaked/Snuck Sneaked/Snuck
Soothsay Soothsaid Soothsaid
Sow Sowed Sown
Speak Spoke Spoken
Speed Sped/Speeded Sped/Speeded
Spell Spelt/Spelled Spelt/Spelled
Spend Spent Spent
Spill Spilt/Spilled Spilt/Spilled
Spin Span/Spun Spun
Spit Spat/Spit Spat/Spit
Spoil Spoilt/Spoiled Spoilt/Spoiled
Spread Spread Spread
Spring Sprang Sprung
Stand Stood Stood
Steal Stole Stolen
Stick Stuck Stuck
Sting Stung Stung
Stink Stank Stunk
Stride Strode/Strided Stridden
Strike Struck Struck/Stricken
String Strung Strung
Strip Stript/Stripped Stript/Stripped
Strive Strove Striven
Sublet Sublet Sublet
Sunburn Sunburned/Sunburnt Sunburned/Sunburnt
Swear Swore Sworn
Sweat Sweat/Sweated Sweat/Sweated
Sweep Swept/Sweeped Swept/Sweeped
Swell Swelled Swollen
Swim Swam Swum
Swing Swung Swung
Take Took Taken
Teach Taught Taught
Tear Tore Torn
Tell Told Told
Think Thought Thought
Thrive Throve/Thrived Thriven/Thrived
Throw Threw Thrown
Thrust Thrust Thrust
Tread Trod Trodden
Undergo Underwent Undergone
Understand Understood Understood
Undertake Undertook Undertaken
Upset Upset Upset
Vex Vext/Vexed Vext/Vexed
Wake Woke Woken
Wear Wore Worn
Weave Wove Woven
Wed Wed/Wedded Wed/Wedded
Weep Wept Wept
Wend Wended/Went Wended/Went
Wet Wet/Wetted Wet/Wetted
Win Won Won
Wind Wound Wound
Withdraw Withdrew Withdrawn
Withhold Withheld Withheld
Withstand Withstood Withstood
Wring Wrung Wrung
Write Wrote Written
Zinc Zinced/Zincked Zinced/Zincked
Note: Compounds of irregular verbs have the same past and past participle forms as the basic verb. Examples:
come came come
overcome overcame overcome
go went gone
undergo underwent undergone
set set set
upset upset upset
Exception : welcome welcomed welcomed
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